Saturday, December 28, 2019

Teachers Unsung Heroes of the World - 4204 Words

DEDICATION * * * This reflection paper is dedicated to the unsung heroes of the world—TEACHERS; To all morally upright and just individuals whose sense of integrity and humility are rooted deeply within them; To Mr. Books who never fails to inspire me with his words and wisdom; To my parents and my mentor, EXPERIENCE, for making me understand at an early age the essentialities of life here on earth; And to my Creator, You are beyond the superlative degree of adjective. You are the Minerva and the hair of Samson in my life. You have always been there leading me along the path that I have chosen! I salute you all! - K.A.P.C. * * *†¦show more content†¦An object continues to exist independently of the mind. Mrs. Thompson were aware of the presence of Teddy. He comes to school, takes exams, et cetera. Yet, Mrs. Thompson ignored to use her mental faculty to the most logical and sensible manner that she could to diagnose the problem of Teddy. It’s like when a man and a woman were seen by somebody moving out a motel. It is not hard to imagine what would immediately come in the mind of the observer. It is a prejudice akin to judging the book because of its worn-out cover. Having been explained that ‘seeing is believing’ is not always reliable, it is to be rejected. What we hear or see is not what we should always believe in. At times, we need to be idealists. There are times when we need to be rationalists, or skeptics or moralists, so on and so forth. There are even times when we need to be generalists. Remember this overused line: â€Å"Together we stand, divided we fall†? Adopting only one philosophy in life is discriminatory but it surely will lead us somewhere although our vision will be much like that of a tunnel. As for me, too much is enough. If these â€Å"too much† ideas being introduced to us at any given time anywhere in the world will solve human strife, it should have started a long time ago. Sadly, it did not. Sometimes, I feel disoriented into thinking howShow MoreRelatedBrilliant Mathematicians from History Shape Math of Today827 Words   |  3 Pagesconclude problems we face day in, and day out. There are a various amount of languages spoken to communicate in our world today, but math is one that people from all different parts of planet earth understand, and use for the same purposes. Mathematicians are in a way, unsung heroes, without their discoveries, we would be lost, confused, and not nearly as intelligent. Gauss was one of those heroes. Carl Freidrich Gauss was a German mathematician and a physical scientist also known as the â€Å"Prince of Mathematics†Read MoreLife Can Bring Out The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly1415 Words   |  6 Pagespeople can identify one person who shares these three traits. Heroes usually take the form of the good, while villains take the form of the bad or even the ugly. However, one thing remains certain. Most people who are brought up to become heroes are unsung heroes. They are not famous, nor recognized for their deeds. Instead, this breed of heroes commits themselves to the greater good, not to the fame or extravagant lives some heroes eventually live. Ho Chi Minh is one example of this. His actionsRead MoreAllan G. Johnson2492 Words   |  10 Pagesnot only understand, but can relate to on a personal level. He tries to offer a blend of life experience, humor, social reality, audience participation, and clear analysis that opens windows to new and productive ways of thinking and living in the world. As a straight, white, nondisabled male, he is especially concerned with reaching members of dominant groups who may feel so uncomfortable with issues of privilege that they will not even talk about them. Johnson is also available for public readingsRead MoreSinging The Praises Of The Unsung Hero1309 Words   |  6 PagesSinging the Praises of the Unsung Hero Ever since the earliest traces of literature, heroes have enriched stories and captivated audiences. Heroes are a direct reflection of everything that we wish to be and embody the best values of our culture and because of that we hold them up as objects of admiration. Coverage of the civil rights movement follows this same pattern, emphasizing the most commonly known protagonists such as Martin Luther King Jr. and too often fails to highlight the ordinary peopleRead More Philosophy of Education Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pageson a daily basis. Educators, to me, are the unsung heroes of modern culture. I realize, of course, that not everyone is called to teach. I feel that only those with a true passion and love of knowledge should even consider the profession and way of life. In terms of the teacher that I will be, I hope to mirror a number of influences from my own education. I’ve always admired teachers who take time to personalize their classrooms – teachers who make an effort to be not only an instructorRead MoreHistory3115 Words   |  13 Pageselementary school children study history? There is no doubt that the primary purpose of schooling is to prepare students to function effectively in the world, and thereby to assist society to function effectively as well. We study the past in school not because students need to know a collection of old facts, but because history helps them understand how the world works and how human beings behave. Knowledge of the past is required for understanding present realities. When people share some common knowledgeRead MoreEssay about Graffiti Art Brings Positive Effects to Our Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesGraffiti Art Brings Positive Effects to Our Society 2011 TED Prize winner - JRs Wish I wish for you to stand up for what you care about by participating in a global art project, and together well turn the world...INSIDE OUT. [pic] Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: The development of street culture as known as â€Å"Global Street Subculture† from 15 years before until now integrates into a bigger scale and positively impacts our society and individualsRead MoreEthical Hacking : Saving Our Future Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesHacking is becoming more and more common in the world of today because the information has become more accessible through mediums like YouTube, Google, and Printed Media. According to the Christian Science Monitor a recent study shows that â€Å"three-quarters of children in the United States have their own mobile device by age 4.† With this increased access and dependency on technology, the age of the average hacker has decreased. Kids all around the world are exploring and pushing the limits in the technologicalRead MoreJan Antonina Zabinski : A Family That Defied The Nazis1701 Words   |  7 Pages(Ackerman 111). Jan later met Antonina, his future wife, while she was attending classes at Warsaw’s College of Agriculture. At the time, Jan was eleven years her senior, but shared her love of animals of all shapes and sizes. Before the start of World War â… ¡, Jan’s expertise in zoology landed him the role of the Warsaw Zoo’s director in 1929, after the founding director had died. During this time, Jan â€Å"†¦authored approximately 60 books about biology and the psychology of animals, as well as producedRead MoreOrganizational Heroes Essay5612 Words   |  23 PagesORGANIZATIONAL HEROES: COMMUNICATING WHAT MATTERS MOST EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Who are our organizational heroes? What makes an organizational hero? And why do we need heroes in the organization? We attempted to find the answers from a group of middle-level executives in Hong Kong. They were asked to identify critical incidents showing behaviors of their bosses, peers, or ordinary employees who have acted in ways perceived as being heroic. The respondents represent a broad sample of companies

Friday, December 20, 2019

Essay on Cassius vs. Brutus in Julius Caesar - 825 Words

Both Cassius and Brutus play major roles in the play Julius Caesar. Cassius and Brutus both plan Caesar’s death. Although they are working towards a common goal, Cassius and Brutus have very different motivations for doing this. On the one hand, Cassius sees it as a way to gain more power for himself while destroying the king and all his power. On the other hand, Brutus believes that in killing Caesar he is preserving peace for the Romans’ future years. Throughout the play, Shakespeare uses different techniques to create biased characterizations of the two men so that readers and viewers develop identical attitudes towards each of them. In Julius Caesar, Cassius is portrayed as a greedy villain while Brutus is depicted as an†¦show more content†¦Unlike Cassius, Brutus is always doing what he feels is best for the Romans. In addition, Cassius feels inferior to Brutus. Brutus has much power from the people and is friends with the soon-to-be king, which is why Cas sius is so desperate to have Brutus on his side. Once he persuades Brutus to join him, he shifts from being the leader of the conspirators to the subordinate of Brutus. For instance, Brutus gives Antony permission to speak at the funeral, even though this went against Cassius’ own will. Lastly, Cassius is quick to make decisions but Brutus analyzes things before coming to a final decision. It takes Brutus many days of agony to finally agree that joining Cassius was the right thing to do. In contrast, Cassius spends only a few seconds to decide on committing suicide. Directly after Pindarus says, â€Å"Now they are almost on him†¦ And hark they shout for joy,† Cassius kills himself. (Act V Scene III Lines 31, 34) He is quick minded, not realizing that Brutus has actually not been captured. Both Brutus’ and Cassius’ characterizations are results of Shakespeare’s biased dialogue. Throughout the play, Brutus is continuously described as being nobl e and honorable. The first mention of this is early on in the play. Cassius, when trying to persuade Brutus to join the conspirators, praises Brutus by saying â€Å"noble Brutus† and â€Å"good Brutus† (page 17, line 68, 72). During Antony’s funeral speech, he repeats over and over â€Å"Brutus is anShow MoreRelated Julius Caesar: Brutus Vs. Cassius Essays1211 Words   |  5 PagesCharacters In Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, Brutus and Cassius are contrasting characters. They differ in the way they perceive Antony as a threat to the assassination plot, their dominance in personality, and their moral fiber. In Julius Caesar, Brutus is the more naà ¯ve, dominant and noble character, while Cassius is the more perceptive, submissive, and manipulative person. Brutus and Cassius are very different in the way they perceive Antony. Brutus is very trusting and naà ¯ve when he judgesRead MoreThemes Of William Shakespeare s Julius Caesar 2063 Words   |  9 Pages Theme, Mood and Conflict in Julius Caesar Savannah Baine â€Å"Come I to speak at Caesar’s funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says that he was too ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man .† Mark Antony (Act 3,Scene 2,Line 85). â€Å"Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare, is a classic play depicting the death of Caesar and the chaos that ensues afterwards. One theme in this play is fate vs. free will, the mood is serious and calm, while theRead More Julius Caesar Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesJulius Caesar William Shakespeare has written many plays that touched millions of people throughout the centuries. His works are still the most controversial ones favored by many Literature critics because his plays generate spontaneous debates on issues such as friendship, revenge, human ambitions and moralities that lead to dynamic discussion among people. In the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, friendship vs. duty is one of the major themes that is developed. Ones struggle over the choiceRead MoreMean Girls and Julius Caesar954 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar Film vs Mean Girls Julius Caesar is an extremely old and extremely famous play written by William Shakespeare around 1599. Shakespeares plays are reflected in many movies and stories now a days and Julius Caesar is to famous that they even made thrice movies for the story. A movie that reflects the story of Julius Caesar is Mean Girls and it reflects the movie in many aspects you could think of, even though they do have some differences because the story slightly changesRead More Brutus is the Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay927 Words   |  4 Pages The tragedy â€Å"Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare should be renamed â€Å"Brutus† because Caesar is not the tragic hero. He is only in a small portion of the play and does not possess a major tragic flaw; however Marcus Brutus fits the description of tragic hero much better than Julius Caesar. Typically, tragedies are named after the tragic hero, which Aristotle describes as: a person of noble birth with a trag ic flaw that leads to his or her downfall because of that flaw. Brutus exhibits all of theseRead MoreConflicting Perspectives1001 Words   |  5 Pagespermeated in William Shakespeare’s classic 1399 dramatic text, Julius Caesar and the world’s view on America’s gun laws. Shakespeare powerfully uses textual form to shape ones understanding of conflicting perspectives surrounding the personality of Marcus Brutus. The dramatic medium is employed to reveal Brutus’ fragmented sense of self for it is in a soliloquy that he asserts, that ‘he is with himself at war’ this is Brutus’ inner conflict. Brutus’ conflicted self is further brought to light in a duologueRead MoreCompare and Contrast Brutus and Macbeth1485 Words   |  6 PagesBrutus vs. Macbeth through Power, Ambition, and Honor â€Å"Absolute power corrupts absolutely,† unless one knows how to use it, it shall not corrupt. Everyone has ambitions, a strong desire of achieving great things, and some will do whatever it takes to achieve their goal. Honor is a title one receives through their noble acts; but some honorable and strongly ambitious people may go as far as to give up their noble title to accomplish their purpose. William Shakespeare is a well-known English poetRead MoreJulius Caesar : Fate Vs. Free1298 Words   |  6 Pagesinto cultural icons. Others might say Bill Gates vs. Steve Jobs because they were different as apples and oranges, yet they had much in common because they both created and dreamed of the idea of a personal computer. But is it possible that fate vs. free will spark an idea in peoples’ brains? Maybe. This essay will be focusing on that relationship and balance in one famous piece of work. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar proved that fate and free will maintain a tug-of-warRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis2014 Words   |  9 PagesJulius Caesar is a play about the death of Julius Caesar and how his death affects the Roman Empire. The play was written in 1599 by William Shakespeare. Even though the play is about Julius Caesar, the main character isn’t Julius Caesar, but really is Brutus. Brutus deals with internal conflict during the play because at first he doesn’t want to cause any harm to his emperor but Cassius convinces him that the other senators and he should do something about Caesar. Cassius is another senator forRead Moresummary of lion and jewel3215 Words   |  13 PagesTHEMES Power and authority Women in society Masculinity Colonialism Culture vs. progress Change Old versus young    Julius Caesar SUMMARY This play is one that contains political intrigue and drama. It opens with a group of commoners celebrating Julius Caesars triumphant return to Rome. This is met with scorn by some Tribunes, who tell them to leave the area. This is the premise to scenes that reveal an ambitious Caesar who is beloved by Roman citizens, but is the envy of many of his friends. It

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Market Structure Essay Example For Students

Market Structure Essay Market structure is defined as the particular environment of a firm, the characteristics of which influence the firms pricing and output decisions. There are four theories of market structure. These theories are:Pure competitionMonopolistic competitionOligopolyMonopolyEach of these theories produce some type of consumer behavior if the firm raises the price or if it reduces the price. The theory of pure competition is a theory that is built on four assumptions: (1.)There are many sellers and many buyers, none of which is large in relation to total sales or purchases. (2.) Each firm produces and sells a homogeneous product. (3.) Buyers and sellers have all relevant information about prices, product quality, sources of supply, and so forth. (4.) Firms have easy entry and exit. A pure competitive firm is a price taker. A price taker is a seller that does not have the ability to control the price of the product it sells; it takes the price determined in the market. The pure competitive f irm is a price taker because a firm is restrained from being anything but a price taker if it finds itself one among many firms where its supply is small relative to the total market supply, and it sells a homogeneous product in a an environment where buyers and sellers have all relevant information. Examples of perfect competition include some agricultural markets and a small subset of the retail trade. The stock market, where there are hundreds of thousands of buyers and sellers of stock, is also sometimes cited as an example of pure competition. The theory of monopolistic competition is built on three assumptions: (1.) There are many sellers and buyers. (2.) Each firm produces and sells a slightly differentiated product. (3.) There is easy entry and exit. The monopolistic firm has no rivals, and it produces a good for which there are no substitutes. In a monopolistic competition, it has a downward slope. This means that it has to lower price to sell an additional unit of the good it produces. Just like the pure competition, monopolistic firm charges the highest price it can possibly charge for its product. Examples of monopolistic competition includes retail clothing, restaurants, and service stations. The theory of monopoly is a theory of market structure based on three assumptions: (1.) There is one seller. (2.) The single seller sells a product for which there are no close substitutes. (3.) There are extremely high barriers to entry. A monopolist is a price seeker, that is , it is a seller that has the ability to control to some degree the price of the product it sells. A price seeker can raise its price and still sell its products-Although not as many units as it could sell at the lower price. With the raising of prices by a monopoly, there is no regulatory system or price ceiling. Examples of monopoly include many public utilities and the U.S. Postal Service. The utilities includes, gas, electric, and water. Unlike perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition, there is no one theory of oligopoly. The different theories of oligopoly have the following common assumptions: (1.) There are few sellers and many buyers. (2.) Firms produce and sell either homogeneous or differentiated products. (3.) There are significant barriers to entry. The three theories of oligopoly that effects its price and output are: the cartel theory, the kinked demand curve theory, and the price leadership theory. The key behavioral assumption of the cartel theory is that oligopolists in an industry act as if there were only one firm in the industry. In short, they form a cartel in order to capture the benefits that would exist for a monopolist. A cartel is an organization of firms that reduces output and increases price in an effort to increase joint profits. The problem with forming a cartel is that it can be costly, especially when the number of sellers is large. Another behavioral assumption is the kinked demand curve theory. This is a theory of oligopoly that assumes that if a single firm in the industry cuts price, other firms will do likewise, but if is raises price, other firms will not follow. It has been argued that firms match price cuts because if they do not, they will lose a large share of the market. They do not match price hikes because they hope to gain market share. This theory predicts price stickiness or rigidity. .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 , .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .postImageUrl , .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 , .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:hover , .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:visited , .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:active { border:0!important; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:active , .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291 .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf61699075f738bf4914b9e1eedaec291:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parts of Speech Essay SummaryThe key behavioral assumption in the price leadership theory is that one firm in the industry determines price, and all other firms take their price as given. At one time or another, the following firms have been price leaders in their industries: R. J. Reynolds, General Motors, Kellogg, and Goodyear Tire and Rubber tires. By analyzing the four theories of market structure, one is able to see the differences and similarities of each. One may also see the type of consumer behavior that each firm presents when prices are increased or decreased.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Strategic Public Relations Management Planning and Managing

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Public Relations Management for Planning and Managing. Answer: Introduction The evaluation of Public Relations Management is the central concern of this specific study. Public relations management is an essential function of an organization that helps to establish as well as maintain mutual beneficial relationship between the organization and the publics (Bowen Martin, 2010). The prime reason of choosing this particular topic is that it is one of the most complex organizational practice on which the success or failure a business majorly depend. The aim of the study is to analyse the importance of public relation management in a business. The study brings out the ways through which excellent public relations can be established. Specific methods and techniques are incorporated in order to analyse this particular topic. The structure of the document is illustrated in the below section that helps to create a mind map of the entire study. Introduction This is the initial section of the study that creates the backbone of the study. Methodology The methods used in this research are demonstrated in this particular section. Result and Discussion Here, the gathered data and information are analysed in detail manner. Conclusion It concludes the entire study and brings out some recommendations for future research. Table 1: Structure of the Study (Source: Created by author) Methodology The study pursues some specific methods and technologies in order to obtain its objectives. However, Documentary research process is the prime method that has been pursued in this study. Documentary research is the process of gathering data and information from the researches that are previously done by others (Grunig, 2013). In order to be more precise, the study here considers academic journals, books and relevant websites. These secondary sources help to enhance the accuracy of the present research and bring out own viewpoints on the basis of gathered data and information. Through studying several documents, the required context has been focused by contributing low cost. The reason behind choosing documentary research is the time and budget constraints that restrict the research to some extent. The limitation of the study would be manifested at the end of the study. Results and Discussion This particular section of the study analyse the collected information in a depth manner. More specifically, it defines the concept of excellent public relations and its importance in the organizations. Along with that, it identifies the essential factors which are contributed to excellent public relations. Besides, it emphasizes on the guidelines which can be used in order to staff the public relations or communication department of an organization effectively. Moreover, the discussions of conducting strategic public relations take place in this section. Excellent Public Relations As per the discussion of (Dozier, Grunig Grunig, 2013), the organizations are concerned more about their public relations management and thus sometimes they hire public relations professionals. In this context, it is important to mention that sometimes one public relation professional engage in one single organization. On the other way, some professionals work for public relation firms that work with a number of companies simultaneously. Besides the businesses, they work for non-profit charities, health care centres, government agencies, trade association and many more. In supporting the discussion, Austin Pinkleton (2015) stated that the managers tend to construct a positive image about their business among the people outside their organizations. Black (2013) argued that in public relation management, they do not consider only the people of outside their business. It is also mentioned that the publics of an organization include employees, customers, dealers, suppliers, media and t he general public as well. Culbertson Chen (2013) discussed about Excellence Theory of Public Relation Management in order to establish a clear concept about the topic. It is mentioned that the theory elaborates how the organizations are benefitted more by strengthening their public relations. The theory defines that a good relationship with public helps the organizations to develop as well as acquire their desired goals. Further, the organizations are able to reduce the cost of advertisements. It is because when the organizations successfully build trust with the publics, publics become loyal towards their business. Furthermore, the theory explains that better public relation management system help to know their public better. Thus, the managers are able to enhance their service quality by valuing their needs and increase their revenue by fulfilling the demand of the customers. In this context, Toth (2013) added that the managers should incorporate symmetrical communication programs in order to build long te rm public relations. It is also mentioned that it is a long term goal that the managers should monitor effectively. On the other way, Gandy (2013) opined that excellence public relation management can be characterized into four major categories. Firstly, the excellence theory leads the business to concentrate on empowering their public relation functions. Carroll Buchholtz (2014) argued that empowerment of public relation is one of the most critical management functions that need effective strategies to deal with. Secondly, the communicators play an effective role in strengthening the public relations. Gandy (2013) stated that the executives of the public relation management system play the managerial and administrative role in business. They are the key people who manage the entire stakeholder team and relation between them majorly depends on their management policies. Thirdly, public relation is categorized under the communication function of an organization. In this context, Carroll Buchholtz (2014) argued that the managers should separate the public relation process from other management fun ctions. Lastly, the management body of an organization should incorporate effective public relation models. This category concentrates on both the internal and external communication. Along with that, the relation between the public and the managers is built on the basis of two-way symmetrical model (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). Essential factors in excellent public relations According to Shani Chalasani (2013), organizational structure has an impact on the public relation and communication process. This is because communication majorly depends on the flow of information and reporting structure. It has been found that in a number of organizations the managers monitor their team in the base of hourly production. Numerous supervisors and administrative staffs maintain a systematic process in order to make smooth communication. This process helps them to create good public relation between the employees and the managers. In supporting the discussion, Olkkonen Luoma-Aho (2015) discussed about four essential factors which play essential roles to fit public relations in the organizational structure. These factors include multi divisional structure, network structure, matrix structure, and virtual structure. Multi divisional factor is adapted by the organizations where the headquarters coordinate and control the entire financial system of all the company divis ions. Some of the organizations are grouped into a number of divisions according to geographical region, customer type, and products. The divisions have the responsibilities to keep a record of their daily activities and inform their management team of headquarter. After gathering the data of all the company divisions, they staffs of the headquarters determines their performance status. According to the status, specific strategies are formulated. Besides, the network structural factor is incorporated when one single organization is involved in partnership business with other organizations. In such cases, the flow of information depends on all the organizations that are involved in partnership. Smith (2012) argued that these networks make the public relationship more complex where production and performance depend on the mutual agreements. Communication process needs to be smoother when collaboration is needed to solve the problems and make strategic move. Bingham O'Leary (2014) opi ned that matrix structural factor is involved in the flexible and dynamic organizational operations. In order to be more precise, the performance and the working system changes according to the requirements. On the other way, virtual structural factor affects the public relations when company depends on the independent workers for their high skills and knowledge in technology. In such cases, communication plays a major role to establish a long term public relation with their key employees. As stated by Cutlip (2013), the head of the public relation units plays a significant role in establishing long term public relations. Some factors are there that affect their roles and practices. The major factor is the capabilities of aligning present scenario with ultimate objective of the business. The view of present scenario of business helps them in future scanning process. These factors are essentials as it helps the heads of the public relations to focus on strategic management process. They should guide all the stakeholders in uncertainties and make the actions back to the organizational goals. Huang-Horowitz (2015) discussed that some crucial factors are there that are widely related to the public relation models. The factors are named as ROPE process that includes Research, Objectives, Programs, and Evaluation. Research is the process of identifying publics, their needs and problems along with their roles and responsibilities. In PR model, objective is the most major factor which needs to be clear so that the managers are able to solve the problems from their root. The third factor is to implement program which would accomplish the ultimate objectives of the business. Along with this, evaluation is the factor that helps to determine whether the program is working or not. As per the statement of Holtzhausen (2013), organizational culture actively shapes the management style of the organizations along with the day-to-day behaviour of the employees. It is mentioned that cognition is the crucial factor in the culture of an organization. The relation between the managers and the public majorly depend on their beliefs, values, norms, and ideologies. In cohesive culture, the behaviour of every member is clearly understood and thus the public relation is comparatively better in this cultural organization. On contrast, ambiguous culture delivers more challenges as the expected behaviour of people is not understood clearly. Guidelines for public relations or communication department Cutlip (2013) evaluated that some guidelines are there that helps the public relation and communication department to establish an effective relation between them. Cutlip (2013) discussed about the Linear communication model which is a one way communication process where message is transmitted by the sender and absorbed by the receiver. This particular model formulates guidelines in order to make the customer relationship strong. The communication driven activities are taken place in marketing and sales. The biggest challenge is that the receiver can interpret the message and bring a negative meaning as it is one way communication process. The senders are the organization who should ensure that their message would be interpreted in a positive manner. Gandy (2013) argued that two way symmetric model of communication is way more effective as it allows both the sender and receiver to communicate with other. Here, the guidelines follow a specific process where sender delivers message and receiver delivers feedback according to the message. Through creating a mutual satisfactory situation, it helps to establish a long term public relation. Strategic public relations As per the discussion of Holtzhausen (2013), the managers or the head of the public relation department should maintain some specific process in order to conduct strategic public relation. These are manifested in the below section: Firstly, the goals and objectives of the public relation management process should be formulated as well as defined clearly The head of the public relation department should identify the Publics or the targeted people with who the company would establish a long term relation Develop strategies and policies to fulfil the public relation plans Develop details of the entire process and draft budget Send message to the public who have been considered in the public relation plan Conclusion The study concludes that public relation is crucial in management process in order to establish a long term relation with their stakeholders. It brings out some significant guidelines that help the organization to improve their public relation management system. Time constraint and budget constraint are the major barriers in this research study. As the research has to be completed within specific time period with limited budget, documentary research has been chosen here. It is recommended that primary research can be done in the future researches with same topic. In order to be more precise, primary research would help to gather raw data which can be more reliable. Bibliography Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E. (2015).Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Bingham, L. B., O'Leary, R. (2014).Big ideas in collaborative public management. Routledge. Black, S. (2013).Practice of Public Relations. Routledge. Bowen, S. R. B. Martin, T. (2010).An overview to the public relations function. Business Expert Press. Carroll, A. B., Buchholtz, A. K. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Culbertson, H. M., Chen, N. (2013).International public relations: A comparative analysis. Routledge. Cutlip, S. M. 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